A significant number of occupational accidents are related to moving around the client company’s premises, either inside or outside the buildings (e.g. static surveillance, rounds and surveillance patrols). These are mainly falls on the same level and those from a height, resulting in fractures, sprains, contusions, …

Check the following issues through visual inspection of work areas:

Collisions, bumps and jamming involve fixed objects (idle machinery, tools, furniture, …), or moving objects (machines placed in passageways, vehicles, sliding doors, …).

This is particularly important for static surveillance and rounds.

Check the following issues through visual inspection of work areas:

• The circulation of people and vehicles should be properly organised (sufficient clearance must be allowed between vehicle traffic routes and doors, gates, passages for pedestrians, corridors and staircases).
• Sufficient lighting should be provided (especially in stairwells and passageways).
• Warning indicators should be installed when the risk of collisions, bumps and getting jammed cannot be prevented through other measures. Make sure the client informs you (the private security services company) and the private security guards about the risks and measures in place.

Ensure that the electrical system, as well as the gas and water supplies are safe. Some examples: all the exposed conductive parts are connected to the earthing system; all safety devices and switches are in place and they work well; there are measures in place to protect electrical equipment from water; …

• The electricity, gas and water supplies at the client company must comply with the relevant safety regulations and be maintained by competent people in accordance with regulations.
• There should be restricted access to electricity, gas and water premises.

Noise is an unwanted sound.

• **Possible sources: **noise of the building’s installations, of machinery, of office equipment, detonation of ammunition during shooting practice, noise by human beings, crowds, …
• Noise can cause considerable hearing damage. The intensity (loudness) and exposure duration determine whether noise is hazardous. Rule of thumb: ‘private security guards should be able to hear each other at one metre distance without raising their voice’.
• Noise can also be a source of annoyance and disturbance, if it interferes with the job or if the job is very complex.

**Make sure the client informs you (security company) and the private security guards **about the risks and measures in place.

Check whether the client:

• Has identified the source(s) of the noise + limit or reduce noise at source.
• Ensures technical maintenance of workplaces, installations, …
• Provides work signs and PPEs.

Promotes working habits and behaviour that are not noisy.

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

• What? There is a whole series of chemical products that can constitute a health risk. Depending on their properties (toxic, carcinogenic/mutagenic, irritants, corrosive), the way in which they enter the body (through inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact, or contact with an open wound) and the quantity absorbed, they may adversely affect the health to a lesser or greater extent. Some volatile chemicals and flammable dust pose a fire and explosion risk.

• Who? Private security guards may be exposed to hazardous products from the client company’s operations during surveillance activities and rounds.

• Make sure the client informs you (the security services company) and the private security guards about the risks and measures in place (e.g. PPEs such as mouth masks, gloves, …; procedures in case something goes wrong).
• Check whether the client has clearly marked (labels + signs) the presence of chemical substances.

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

• What? Biological agents, i.e. microorganisms, cell cultures and parasites living in the human body, which may cause infections, allergies or poisoning. These microorganisms can penetrate the human body through a wound, an animal bite or needle injuries. They can also be inhaled or swallowed. There is a risk of viral and bacteriological infections such as HIV, hepatitis or tuberculosis, tetanus, legionella, …
• Who? All private security staff in specific work environments such as hospitals or with eventual biological risks.

Make sure the client informs you (the private security services company) and the private security guards about the risks and measures in place (e.g. required vaccinations).

**SCANNERS / X-RAY MACHINES. **The use of equipment which generates radiation or working in areas close to radiation sources entails a risk of tissue being destroyed and/or irreversible effects on health.

WHERE?

• Scanners at access control (airports, public buildings, …).
• The screening of mail, packages, suitcases, …
• Rounds in monitored or secured areas in hospitals (radiology, nuclear medicine departments), nuclear power plants, …

Make sure the client informs you (the private security services company) and the private security guards about any radiation sources at the place of work, about the risks associated with them and the preventive measures to be adopted.

Check the following issues:

• Warning signs should be placed in monitored/secured areas.
• The instruction manual as well as any documentation relating to the use of the machine should be placed in close proximity to it.
• The sources should be monitored (to prevent leaks).
• Type-approved machines (marked CE) should be used or it should be made sure that the machines being used comply with European regulations.
• Periodical technical inspection of the equipment should be ensured.

Whether it is inside a building or in outside workstations, minimal conditions in terms of ambient factors (humidity, ventilation, temperature, lighting) must be observed. These conditions must be fulfilled taking into account the specificities of the workstations, the level of physical activity required as well as the security officer´s clothing.

Following requirements should be met in order to guarantee a comfortable, healthy and safe working environment for security staff:

• a sufficient quantity of fresh, healthy air
• a constant and smooth indoor temperature
• sufficient natural light and/or mechanisms ensuring adequate artificial lighting.

**Check the following issues: **

• A sufficient supply of fresh air should be provided in enclosed working spaces.
• If necessary, air conditioning, ventilation and/or (de)humidification of the air should be provided.
• Private security guards operating in bad/extreme weather conditions (exposure to extreme heat/sunlight/cold) should be protected (shelter, heating).
• Sufficient and adequate lighting (as much natural light as possible) should be provided in all work areas, esp. in stairwells and passageways. Also in outdoor working areas!
• Lights should regulated separately.

Security guards should be provided with the following facilities, if and when necessary in view of their shift and taking the specific national legal provisions into account:

• changing room (dressing room)
• break areas
• sanitary facilities.

The tasks during a fire alarm should be clear to all private security guards: fire fighting, evacuation procedures (guiding visitors, blocking entrances), emergency first aid, … This should be tested and exercised during regular drills.

All emergency exits should be clearly marked and easy to open (not blocked).

Clothes refer to uniform parts.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective shoes and clothing, helmets, safety glasses, hearing protection, gloves, masks, fluorescent vests and other garments designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury by blunt impacts, chemicals, …

• PPEs must be used when the risks cannot be avoided or sufficiently limited by technical means of collective protection or procedure of work organisation.
• The PPE, if and when required, must conform to European regulations. The ‘CE’ marking indicates that the PPE conforms to European requirements in respect of safety and hygiene.
• Each PPE item is accompanied by an information notice from the manufacturer containing a variety of information (name of the PPE, the manufacturer´s name and address, symbols or pictograms, instructions for use, storage, maintenance, …).

 Check the following issues:

• Private security guards should be provided with **suitable clothing **(in case the employer provides a uniform).
• Private security guards should be provided with the necessary and well-fitting PPE. These must be provided for free but remain property of the employer.
• Private security guards should wear the PPE in situations when it´s required, and use them correctly and for the intended purpose.
• A procedure should be installed to substitute broken or deteriorated PPEs.

National legislation regulating the carrying of weapons differs widely from country to country:

• In some countries private security guards are not allowed to carry firearms.
• In other countries where this is permitted, there is a whole raft of legal provisions to be complied with regarding gun permits and training in the use and storage of arms.

In general, the use of firearms is limited to certain activities/jobs (principally for cash in transit, the surveillance of military installations or facilities of importance to national security, or to the protection of individuals, i.e. bodyguards).

Gun-related accidents may be the result of the firearm accidentally going off, ricochets of bullets and exposure to bullet fragments and other substances, particularly during shooting practice. Accidents are quite rare and often result from negligence or a lack of training. However, they can cause death.

This risk is peculiar to the sector and mainly affects bodyguard activities and static surveillance of certain specific sites.

Check the following issues:

• Firearms should be of good quality, well maintained and properly stored according to local legislation.
• Other tools, if and when allowed by national provisions, such as OC mace, tear gas, hand cuffs, batons, flashlights, telephones/communication/personal alarm, fluorescent vests, … should be of good quality and well maintained.
• Training should be provided in the use of firearms (shooting practice and periodical psycho-technical tests) and the use of other tools.

Dogs can cause slight injuries such as lesions, light traumas (scratches, bruises) and serious injuries such as bites, etc. They may also be a carrier of microorganisms, viruses, proteins etc. that could cause infections, allergies or other health problems.

Risk factors:

• The dog: badly trained, too aggressive, sick, unpredictable behaviour.
• Bad dog handling: several dog handlers for one and the same dog, different command patterns depending on the individual´s role, poor living conditions, food and monitoring of the health of the animal (vaccinations, regular medical check-ups).
• The dog-handler: untrained or poorly trained as a dog handler, lack of compliance with basic hygiene regulations, lack of care for the dog, aggresive or unsuitable behaviour towards the dog.

Many national regulations provide the conditions for working with dogs. These must be fully respected.

Check the following issues:

• Dogs should be well trained and have a predictable behaviour.
• Dogs should be housed and fed properly.
• Dog should be vaccinated regularly.
• A system of reporting any incidences with dogs should be installed.
• Private security guards should be given anti-tetanus injections.
• Dog-handlers should be provided with information, instructions and training (obtaining the necessary certificates): risks and how to use the dogs, leashes and muzzles.

There is a number of risks which affect all security staff going to work in a vehicle.

Work-related road accidents include accidents while out on an assignment, i.e. when on the road because of the job (surveillance activities), or accidents taking place on the journey from home to the workplace. Sector statistics for accidents at work show that there is a considerable risk in this area.

Many national regulations provide the conditions for this. These must be fully respected.

Check the following issues:

• Regular maintenance of the vehicles should be ensured by an approved garage, in addition to the compulsory periodic roadworthiness test.
• Vehicles should have appropriate safety equipment and equipment for breakdowns.
• There should be no loose objects in the vehicles.
• When drawing up work schedules, allowances for unforeseen traffic conditions should be made.
• Training on road safety should be provided.
• The medical suitability of private security staff using vehicles should be regularly checked.

Prolonged periods of working while sitting down **(e.g. counter/reception work, computer work), often in front of screens/monitors** (e.g. activities in alarm control centres and certain access control posts) may cause pain in the back, neck, shoulders, arms, legs, … These health complaints can lead to lengthy sickness.

In addition, doing computer work and observing screens/monitoring can cause eyestrain, headaches, reduced vigilance, …

In order to enable people to work as comfortable as possible in seated jobs, the work chairs and desks **need to be **adjustable and adjusted to each individual worker. There should be as well **enough space (according to local legislation) **to allow changes in position and a certain freedom of movement.

**Check the following issues **- in close cooperation with the client, as these items belong to them (unlike the vehicles, uniforms, dogs, etc.):

• Good and adjustable work chairs and desks should be provided.
• Work chairs should be in good condition (no mechanical defect, no damaged wheels, …).
• There should be enough space to allow changes in position and a certain freedom of movement.
• Training and information should be provided for adjusting the workstation (work chair, desk, screen height, …) + the staff should be stimulated to adjust their workstation (esp. the chair) to their body.
• Private security guards should be encouraged to report complaints and feedback regarding the furniture, workstation layout, …
• Computer screens with matte surface should be provided.
• Screens should be placed in such a way that users hold their head in an upright position. MORE INFORMATION

Officewise - A Guide To Health And Safety In The Office (pdf)

A significant number of occupational accidents are related to moving around the client company’s premises, either inside or outside the buildings (e.g. static surveillance, rounds and surveillance patrols). These are mainly falls on the same level and those from a height, resulting in fractures, sprains, contusions, …

Check the following issues through visual inspection of work areas:

• Floors throughout the sites where the private security guards work should be tidy, level and slip-proof
• Outdoor: take into account weather conditions such as rain, snow, ice, leafs, … Also be aware of open water (risk of drowning) = ponds (without fence), lakes, canals, …
• Passageways and surfaces should be free from obstacles (e.g. cables).
• Protective measures, such as handrails, railings and anti-fall fittings, should be installed and properly maintained to counter the risk of falls.
• Sufficient lighting (especially in stairwells and passageways) should be provided.
• Warning indicators (signs, floor markings, etc.) should be installed, when the risk of trips and falls cannot be prevented through other measures. Make sure the client informs you (the private security services company) and the private security guards about the risks and measures in place.

Collisions, bumps and jamming involve fixed objects (idle machinery, tools, furniture, …), or moving objects (machines placed in passageways, vehicles, sliding doors, …).

Check the following issues through visual inspection of work areas:

• The circulation of people and vehicles should be properly organised (sufficient clearance must be allowed between vehicle traffic routes and doors, gates, passages for pedestrians, corridors and staircases).
• Sufficient lighting should be provided (especially in stairwells and passageways).
• Warning indicators should be installed when the risk of collisions, bumps and getting jammed cannot be prevented through other measures. Make sure the client informs you (the private security services company) and the private security guards about the risks and measures in place.

Ensure that the electrical system, as well as the gas and water supplies are safe. Some examples: all the exposed conductive parts are connected to the earthing system; all safety devices and switches are in place and they work well; there are measures in place to protect electrical equipment from water; …

• The electricity, gas and water supplies at the client company must comply with the relevant safety regulations and be maintained by competent people in accordance with regulations.
• There should be restricted access to electricity, gas and water premises.

Noise is an unwanted sound. Possible sources: noise of the building’s installations, of machinery, of office equipment, detonation of ammunition during shooting practice, noise by human beings, crowds, …

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

• What? There is a whole series of chemical products that can constitute a health risk. Depending on their properties (toxic, carcinogenic/mutagenic, irritants, corrosive), the way in which they enter the body (through inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact, or contact with an open wound) and the quantity absorbed, they may adversely affect the health to a lesser or greater extent. Some volatile chemicals and flammable dust pose a fire and explosion risk.

• Who? Private security guards may be exposed to hazardous products from the client company’s operations during surveillance activities and rounds.

• Make sure the client informs you (the security services company) and the private security guards about the risks and measures in place (e.g. PPEs such as mouth masks, gloves, …; procedures in case something goes wrong).
• Check whether the client has clearly marked (labels + signs) the presence of chemical substances.

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

• What? Biological agents, i.e. microorganisms, cell cultures and parasites living in the human body, which may cause infections, allergies or poisoning. These microorganisms can penetrate the human body through a wound, an animal bite or needle injuries. They can also be inhaled or swallowed. There is a risk of viral and bacteriological infections such as HIV, hepatitis or tuberculosis, tetanus, legionella, …
• Who? All private security staff in specific work environments such as hospitals or with eventual biological risks.

Make sure the client informs you (the private security services company) and the private security guards about the risks and measures in place (e.g. required vaccinations).

Whether it is inside a building or in outside workstations, minimal conditions in terms of ambient factors (humidity, ventilation, temperature, lighting) must be observed. These conditions must be fulfilled taking into account the specificities of the workstations, the level of physical activity required as well as the security officer´s clothing.

Following requirements should be met in order to guarantee a comfortable, healthy and safe working environment for security staff:

• a sufficient quantity of fresh, healthy air
• a constant and smooth indoor temperature
• sufficient natural light and/or mechanisms ensuring adequate artificial lighting.

**Check the following issues: **

• A sufficient supply of fresh air should be provided in enclosed working spaces.
• If necessary, air conditioning, ventilation and/or (de)humidification of the air should be provided.
• Private security guards operating in bad/extreme weather conditions (exposure to extreme heat/sunlight/cold) should be protected (shelter, heating).
• Sufficient and adequate lighting (as much natural light as possible) should be provided in all work areas, esp. in stairwells and passageways. Also in outdoor working areas!
• Lights should regulated separately.

Security guards should be provided with the following facilities, if and when necessary in view of their shift and taking the specific national legal provisions into account:

• changing room (dressing room)
• break areas
• sanitary facilities.

The tasks during a fire alarm should be clear to all private security guards: fire fighting, evacuation procedures (guiding visitors, blocking entrances), emergency first aid, … This should be tested and exercised during regular drills.

All emergency exits should be clearly marked and easy to open (not blocked).

The tasks during a bomb threat or other serious & immediate dangers (e.g., gas leak, flooding, …) should be clear to all private security guards. This should be tested and exercised during regular drills.

The necessary measures must be taken and instructions given so that, in case of serious, immediate danger which cannot be avoided, private security guards may cease their activities and/or go to a safe place by immediately leaving their workplace.

Any worker faced with a serious and immediate danger to his or her safety and/or that of others in a situation in which it is impossible to contact the relevant superior, should be able to take suitable steps to prevent the consequences of such a danger.

Clothes refer to uniform parts.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective shoes and clothing, helmets, safety glasses, hearing protection, gloves, masks, fluorescent vests and other garments designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury by blunt impacts, chemicals, …

• PPEs must be used when the risks cannot be avoided or sufficiently limited by technical means of collective protection or procedure of work organisation.
• The PPE, if and when required, must conform to European regulations. The ‘CE’ marking indicates that the PPE conforms to European requirements in respect of safety and hygiene.
• Each PPE item is accompanied by an information notice from the manufacturer containing a variety of information (name of the PPE, the manufacturer´s name and address, symbols or pictograms, instructions for use, storage, maintenance, …).

 Check the following issues:

• Private security guards should be provided with **suitable weather appropriate clothing **(in case the employer provides a uniform).
• Private security guards should be provided with the necessary and well-fitting PPE. These must be provided for free but remain property of the employer.
• Private security guards should wear the PPE in situations when it´s required, and use them correctly and for the intended purpose.
• A procedure should be installed to substitute broken or deteriorated PPEs.

National legislation regulating the carrying of weapons differs widely from country to country:

• In some countries private security guards are not allowed to carry firearms.
• In other countries where this is permitted, there is a whole raft of legal provisions to be complied with regarding gun permits and training in the use and storage of arms.

In general, the use of firearms is limited to certain activities/jobs (principally for cash in transit, the surveillance of military installations or facilities of importance to national security, or to the protection of individuals, i.e. bodyguards).

Gun-related accidents may be the result of the firearm accidentally going off, ricochets of bullets and exposure to bullet fragments and other substances, particularly during shooting practice. Accidents are quite rare and often result from negligence or a lack of training. However, they can cause death.

This risk is peculiar to the sector and mainly affects bodyguard activities and static surveillance of certain specific sites.

Check the following issues:

• Firearms should be of good quality, well maintained and properly stored according to local legislation.
• Other tools, if and when allowed by national provisions, such as OC mace, tear gas, hand cuffs, batons, flashlights, telephones/communication/personal alarm, fluorescent vests, … should be of good quality and well maintained.
• Training should be provided in the use of firearms (shooting practice and periodical psycho-technical tests) and the use of other tools.

Dogs can cause slight injuries such as lesions, light traumas (scratches, bruises) and serious injuries such as bites, etc. They may also be a carrier of microorganisms, viruses, proteins etc. that could cause infections, allergies or other health problems.

Risk factors:

• The dog: badly trained, too aggressive, sick, unpredictable behaviour.
• Bad dog handling: several dog handlers for one and the same dog, different command patterns depending on the individual´s role, poor living conditions, food and monitoring of the health of the animal (vaccinations, regular medical check-ups).
• The dog-handler: untrained or poorly trained as a dog handler, lack of compliance with basic hygiene regulations, lack of care for the dog, aggresive or unsuitable behaviour towards the dog.

Many national regulations provide the conditions for working with dogs. These must be fully respected.

Check the following issues:

• Dogs should be well trained and have a predictable behaviour.
• Dogs should be housed and fed properly.
• Dog should be vaccinated regularly.
• A system of reporting any incidences with dogs should be installed.
• Private security guards should be given anti-tetanus injections.
• Dog-handlers should be provided with information, instructions and training (obtaining the necessary certificates): risks and how to use the dogs, leashes and muzzles.

There is a number of risks which affect all security staff going to work in a vehicle.

Work-related road accidents include accidents while out on an assignment, i.e. when on the road because of the job (surveillance activities), or accidents taking place on the journey from home to the workplace. Sector statistics for accidents at work show that there is a considerable risk in this area.

Many national regulations provide the conditions for this. These must be fully respected.

Check the following issues:

• Regular maintenance of the vehicles should be ensured by an approved garage, in addition to the compulsory periodic roadworthiness test.
• Vehicles should have appropriate safety equipment and equipment for breakdowns.
• There should be no loose objects in the vehicles.
• When drawing up work schedules, allowances for unforeseen traffic conditions should be made.
• Training on road safety should be provided.
• The medical suitability of private security staff using vehicles should be regularly checked.

Prolonged periods of working while sitting down **(e.g. counter/reception work, computer work), often in front of screens/monitors** (e.g. activities in alarm control centres and certain access control posts) may cause pain in the back, neck, shoulders, arms, legs, … These health complaints can lead to lengthy sickness.

In addition, doing computer work and observing screens/monitoring can cause eyestrain, headaches, reduced vigilance, …

In order to enable people to work as comfortable as possible in seated jobs, the work chairs and desks **need to be **adjustable and adjusted to each individual worker. There should be as well **enough space (according to local legislation) **to allow changes in position and a certain freedom of movement.

**Check the following issues **- in close cooperation with the client, as these items belong to them (unlike the vehicles, uniforms, dogs, etc.):

• Good and adjustable work chairs and desks should be provided.
• Work chairs should be in good condition (no mechanical defect, no damaged wheels, …).
• There should be enough space to allow changes in position and a certain freedom of movement.
• Training and information should be provided for adjusting the workstation (work chair, desk, screen height, …) + the staff should be stimulated to adjust their workstation (esp. the chair) to their body.
• Private security guards should be encouraged to report complaints and feedback regarding the furniture, workstation layout, …
• Computer screens with matte surface should be provided.
• Screens should be placed in such a way that users hold their head in an upright position. MORE INFORMATION

Officewise - A Guide To Health And Safety In The Office (pdf)

A significant number of occupational accidents are related to moving around the client company’s premises, either inside or outside the buildings (e.g. static surveillance, rounds and surveillance patrols). These are mainly falls on the same level and those from a height, resulting in fractures, sprains, contusions, …

Check the following issues through visual inspection of work areas:

• Floors throughout the sites where the private security guards work should be tidy, level and slip-proof
• Outdoor: take into account weather conditions such as rain, snow, ice, leafs, … Also be aware of open water (risk of drowning) = ponds (without fence), lakes, canals, …
• Passageways and surfaces should be free from obstacles (e.g. cables).
• Protective measures, such as handrails, railings and anti-fall fittings, should be installed and properly maintained to counter the risk of falls.
• Sufficient lighting (especially in stairwells and passageways) should be provided.
• Warning indicators (signs, floor markings, etc.) should be installed, when the risk of trips and falls cannot be prevented through other measures. Make sure the client informs you (the private security services company) and the private security guards about the risks and measures in place.

Collisions, bumps and jamming involve fixed objects (idle machinery, tools, furniture, …), or moving objects (machines placed in passageways, vehicles, sliding doors, …).

Check the following issues through visual inspection of work areas:

• The circulation of people and vehicles should be properly organised (sufficient clearance must be allowed between vehicle traffic routes and doors, gates, passages for pedestrians, corridors and staircases).
• Sufficient lighting should be provided (especially in stairwells and passageways).
• Warning indicators should be installed when the risk of collisions, bumps and getting jammed cannot be prevented through other measures. Make sure the client informs you (the private security services company) and the private security guards about the risks and measures in place.

Ensure that the electrical system, as well as the gas and water supplies are safe. Some examples: all the exposed conductive parts are connected to the earthing system; all safety devices and switches are in place and they work well; there are measures in place to protect electrical equipment from water; …

• The electricity, gas and water supplies at the client company must comply with the relevant safety regulations and be maintained by competent people in accordance with regulations.
• There should be restricted access to electricity, gas and water premises.

Noise is an unwanted sound.

• **Possible sources: **noise of the building’s installations, of machinery, of office equipment, detonation of ammunition during shooting practice, noise by human beings, crowds, …
• Noise can cause considerable hearing damage. The intensity (loudness) and exposure duration determine whether noise is hazardous. Rule of thumb: ‘private security guards should be able to hear each other at one metre distance without raising their voice’.
• Noise can also be a source of annoyance and disturbance, if it interferes with the job or if the job is very complex.

**Make sure the client informs you (security company) and the private security guards **about the risks and measures in place.

Check whether the client:

• Has identified the source(s) of the noise + limit or reduce noise at source.
• Ensures technical maintenance of workplaces, installations, …
• Provides work signs and PPEs.

Promotes working habits and behaviour that are not noisy.

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

• What? There is a whole series of chemical products that can constitute a health risk. Depending on their properties (toxic, carcinogenic/mutagenic, irritants, corrosive), the way in which they enter the body (through inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact, or contact with an open wound) and the quantity absorbed, they may adversely affect the health to a lesser or greater extent. Some volatile chemicals and flammable dust pose a fire and explosion risk.

• Who? Private security guards may be exposed to hazardous products from the client company’s operations during surveillance activities and rounds.

• Make sure the client informs you (the security services company) and the private security guards about the risks and measures in place (e.g. PPEs such as mouth masks, gloves, …; procedures in case something goes wrong).
• Check whether the client has clearly marked (labels + signs) the presence of chemical substances.

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

• What? Biological agents, i.e. microorganisms, cell cultures and parasites living in the human body, which may cause infections, allergies or poisoning. These microorganisms can penetrate the human body through a wound, an animal bite or needle injuries. They can also be inhaled or swallowed. There is a risk of viral and bacteriological infections such as HIV, hepatitis or tuberculosis, tetanus, legionella, …
• Who? All private security staff in specific work environments such as hospitals or with eventual biological risks.

Make sure the client informs you (the private security services company) and the private security guards about the risks and measures in place (e.g. required vaccinations).

Whether it is inside a building or in outside workstations, minimal conditions in terms of ambient factors (humidity, ventilation, temperature, lighting) must be observed. These conditions must be fulfilled taking into account the specificities of the workstations, the level of physical activity required as well as the security officer´s clothing.

Following requirements should be met in order to guarantee a comfortable, healthy and safe working environment for security staff:

• a sufficient quantity of fresh, healthy air
• a constant and smooth indoor temperature
• sufficient natural light and/or mechanisms ensuring adequate artificial lighting.

**Check the following issues: **

• A sufficient supply of fresh air should be provided in enclosed working spaces.
• If necessary, air conditioning, ventilation and/or (de)humidification of the air should be provided.
• Private security guards operating in bad/extreme weather conditions (exposure to extreme heat/sunlight/cold) should be protected (shelter, heating).
• Sufficient and adequate lighting (as much natural light as possible) should be provided in all work areas, esp. in stairwells and passageways. Also in outdoor working areas!
• Lights should regulated separately.

Security guards should be provided with the following facilities, if and when necessary in view of their shift and taking the specific national legal provisions into account:

• changing room (dressing room)
• break areas
• sanitary facilities.

The tasks during a fire alarm should be clear to all private security guards: fire fighting, evacuation procedures (guiding visitors, blocking entrances), emergency first aid, … This should be tested and exercised during regular drills.

All emergency exits should be clearly marked and easy to open (not blocked).

The tasks during a bomb threat or other serious & immediate dangers (e.g., gas leak, flooding, …) should be clear to all private security guards. This should be tested and exercised during regular drills.

The necessary measures must be taken and instructions given so that, in case of serious, immediate danger which cannot be avoided, private security guards may cease their activities and/or go to a safe place by immediately leaving their workplace.

Any worker faced with a serious and immediate danger to his or her safety and/or that of others in a situation in which it is impossible to contact the relevant superior, should be able to take suitable steps to prevent the consequences of such a danger.

Clothes refer to uniform parts.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective shoes and clothing, helmets, safety glasses, hearing protection, gloves, masks, fluorescent vests and other garments designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury by blunt impacts, chemicals, …

• PPEs must be used when the risks cannot be avoided or sufficiently limited by technical means of collective protection or procedure of work organisation.
• The PPE, if and when required, must conform to European regulations. The ‘CE’ marking indicates that the PPE conforms to European requirements in respect of safety and hygiene.
• Each PPE item is accompanied by an information notice from the manufacturer containing a variety of information (name of the PPE, the manufacturer´s name and address, symbols or pictograms, instructions for use, storage, maintenance, …).

 Check the following issues:

• Private security guards should be provided with **suitable weather appropriate clothing **(in case the employer provides a uniform).
• Private security guards should be provided with the necessary and well-fitting PPE. These must be provided for free but remain property of the employer.
• Private security guards should wear the PPE in situations when it´s required, and use them correctly and for the intended purpose.
• A procedure should be installed to substitute broken or deteriorated PPEs.

National legislation regulating the carrying of weapons differs widely from country to country:

• In some countries private security guards are not allowed to carry firearms.
• In other countries where this is permitted, there is a whole raft of legal provisions to be complied with regarding gun permits and training in the use and storage of arms.

In general, the use of firearms is limited to certain activities/jobs (principally for cash in transit, the surveillance of military installations or facilities of importance to national security, or to the protection of individuals, i.e. bodyguards).

Gun-related accidents may be the result of the firearm accidentally going off, ricochets of bullets and exposure to bullet fragments and other substances, particularly during shooting practice. Accidents are quite rare and often result from negligence or a lack of training. However, they can cause death.

This risk is peculiar to the sector and mainly affects bodyguard activities and static surveillance of certain specific sites.

Check the following issues:

• Firearms should be of good quality, well maintained and properly stored according to local legislation.
• Other tools, if and when allowed by national provisions, such as OC mace, tear gas, hand cuffs, batons, flashlights, telephones/communication/personal alarm, fluorescent vests, … should be of good quality and well maintained.
• Training should be provided in the use of firearms (shooting practice and periodical psycho-technical tests) and the use of other tools.

Dogs can cause slight injuries such as lesions, light traumas (scratches, bruises) and serious injuries such as bites, etc. They may also be a carrier of microorganisms, viruses, proteins etc. that could cause infections, allergies or other health problems.

Risk factors:

• The dog: badly trained, too aggressive, sick, unpredictable behaviour.
• Bad dog handling: several dog handlers for one and the same dog, different command patterns depending on the individual´s role, poor living conditions, food and monitoring of the health of the animal (vaccinations, regular medical check-ups).
• The dog-handler: untrained or poorly trained as a dog handler, lack of compliance with basic hygiene regulations, lack of care for the dog, aggresive or unsuitable behaviour towards the dog.

Many national regulations provide the conditions for working with dogs. These must be fully respected.

Check the following issues:

• Dogs should be well trained and have a predictable behaviour.
• Dogs should be housed and fed properly.
• Dog should be vaccinated regularly.
• A system of reporting any incidences with dogs should be installed.
• Private security guards should be given anti-tetanus injections.
• Dog-handlers should be provided with information, instructions and training (obtaining the necessary certificates): risks and how to use the dogs, leashes and muzzles.

There is a number of risks which affect all security staff going to work in a vehicle.

Work-related road accidents include accidents while out on an assignment, i.e. when on the road because of the job (surveillance activities), or accidents taking place on the journey from home to the workplace. Sector statistics for accidents at work show that there is a considerable risk in this area.

Many national regulations provide the conditions for this. These must be fully respected.

Check the following issues:

• Regular maintenance of the vehicles should be ensured by an approved garage, in addition to the compulsory periodic roadworthiness test.
• Vehicles should have appropriate safety equipment and equipment for breakdowns.
• There should be no loose objects in the vehicles.
• When drawing up work schedules, allowances for unforeseen traffic conditions should be made.
• Training on road safety should be provided.
• The medical suitability of private security staff using vehicles should be regularly checked.

Prolonged periods of working while sitting down **(e.g. counter/reception work, computer work), often in front of screens/monitors** (e.g. activities in alarm control centres and certain access control posts) may cause pain in the back, neck, shoulders, arms, legs, … These health complaints can lead to lengthy sickness.

In addition, doing computer work and observing screens/monitoring can cause eyestrain, headaches, reduced vigilance, …

In order to enable people to work as comfortable as possible in seated jobs, the work chairs and desks **need to be **adjustable and adjusted to each individual worker. There should be as well **enough space (according to local legislation) **to allow changes in position and a certain freedom of movement.

**Check the following issues **- in close cooperation with the client, as these items belong to them (unlike the vehicles, uniforms, dogs, etc.):

• Good and adjustable work chairs and desks should be provided.
• Work chairs should be in good condition (no mechanical defect, no damaged wheels, …).
• There should be enough space to allow changes in position and a certain freedom of movement.
• Training and information should be provided for adjusting the workstation (work chair, desk, screen height, …) + the staff should be stimulated to adjust their workstation (esp. the chair) to their body.
• Private security guards should be encouraged to report complaints and feedback regarding the furniture, workstation layout, …
• Computer screens with matte surface should be provided.
• Screens should be placed in such a way that users hold their head in an upright position. MORE INFORMATION

Officewise - A Guide To Health And Safety In The Office (pdf)

When people from different companies are involved in the same working environment, working relationships become more complex and may complicate the coordination of activities. This may result in disorganisation, with everything this entails in terms of accidents and confusion concerning the tasks to be executed, … In these kinds of circumstances efforts must therefore be made at company level in order to share information and to reach an agreement on respective duties and responsibilities.

Agreements on the following topics could be signed:

• working circumstances, clarifying the roles, obligations and responsibilities of the employer, the client and the worker
• the companies’ emergency protocols, setting up the responsibilities and obligations of the client, the employer and the worker with respect to the emergency situations at the workplace
• personal protective equipment: protective clothing, other garment and equipment designed to protect worker’s health from the risks present at the workplace
• periodic checks and maintenance of all work equipment by the client
• house rules: discussions are prevented from arising during implementation through having paid attention to house rules in the contracts.

Private security guards must receive sufficient and suitable training in health and safety which takes into account their post and role in the company’s operations. The right training will allow the private security guards to prevent risks associated with the profession.

Health and safety training will take place (according to the existing national regulations) when:

• private security guards are hired
• functions are substantially adapted or changed
• there are changes in the equipment
• new technologies are introduced.

Furthermore, training must be adapted to changes in risks and the emergence of new risks and must be renewed at regular intervals, if necessary…

The private security guards must have the necessary skills and receive sufficient and suitable training in health and safety which takes into account their post and role in the company´s operations.

In order to work in complete safety and/or in the right conditions, private security guards need to be properly informed. It is the employer’s obligation to inform the private security guards about the occupational hazards related to their activity.

Information provided to private security guards must include health and safety risks, but also all the measures adopted by the company to deal with these risks in each type of job, assignment or function.

Employers shall keep (in accordance whit national laws and/or practices) a list of occupational accidents and draw up reports on occupational accidents suffered by their private security guards in accordance with national laws and/or practices.

According to European legislation, measures must be set in conformity with national legislation and/or practices to ensure appropriate supervision of the health of private security guards, depending on the risks relating to their health and safety in the workplace. These measures must be such that each worker must be entitled, if he or she so wishes, to have a medical check- up at regular intervals.

A significant number of occupational accidents are related to moving around the client company’s premises, either inside or outside the buildings (e.g. static surveillance, rounds and surveillance patrols). These are mainly falls on the same level and those from a height, resulting in fractures, sprains, contusions, …

Check the following issues through visual inspection of work areas:

• Floors throughout the sites where the private security guards work should be tidy, level and slip-proof
• Outdoor: take into account weather conditions such as rain, snow, ice, leafs, … Also be aware of open water (risk of drowning) = ponds (without fence), lakes, canals, …
• Passageways and surfaces should be free from obstacles (e.g. cables).
• Protective measures, such as handrails, railings and anti-fall fittings, should be installed and properly maintained to counter the risk of falls.
• Sufficient lighting (especially in stairwells and passageways) should be provided.
• Warning indicators (signs, floor markings, etc.) should be installed, when the risk of trips and falls cannot be prevented through other measures. Make sure the client informs you (the private security services company) and the private security guards about the risks and measures in place.

Collisions, bumps and jamming involve fixed objects (idle machinery, tools, furniture, …), or moving objects (machines placed in passageways, vehicles, sliding doors, …).

This is particularly important for static surveillance and rounds.

Check the following issues through visual inspection of work areas:

• The circulation of people and vehicles should be properly organised (sufficient clearance must be allowed between vehicle traffic routes and doors, gates, passages for pedestrians, corridors and staircases).
• Sufficient lighting should be provided (especially in stairwells and passageways).
• Warning indicators should be installed when the risk of collisions, bumps and getting jammed cannot be prevented through other measures. Make sure the client informs you (the private security services company) and the private security guards about the risks and measures in place.